Gothic Literature is said to go back to the 18 century when Gothic architecture was starting. It is said that "The Castle of Otranto" by Horace Walpole was the first Gothic romance. Anne Radcliffe was one of the first writers to get people interested in reading Gothic arts. Jane Austen and Mary Shelley are other Gothic writers. Frankenstein written by Shelley is said to be one of the first scientific novels. Edgar Allen Poe is said to be one of the best romance writers of all time. Charles Dickens made Gothic writing more modern day. Gothic Lit. made the reader think. It made the reader be able to feels the emotions the author was trying to write about. People loved what was being written because of the suspense. Gothic Lit was often over dramatic and gloomy.

Transcendentalism is a group of new ideas in Literature, religion, and culture in the 19 century.

Romantic Literature evolved from Gothic Literature when Gothic Lit. had run its course. Romantic Lit used imagination and got down to the deeper meanings of life.

The Crucible

Elements of Plot in Drama

Exposition: Part of a play or work of fiction when the background is introduced.
Rising Action: Starting of conflicts in the story-leading up to the climax.
Climax: The most important part of the story. When the conflict in the story is at it's highest point.
Falling Action: Leading down to the resolution. The conflict is starting to be resolved.
Resolution: Resolving the conflict.

Foil: a minor character whose traits contrast sharply with those of a main character.
Monologue: a long speech spoken by a single character to himself or herself, or to the audience.
Soliloquy: a monologue in which a character speaks his or her private thoughts aloud and appears to be unaware of the audience.
Aside: a short speech or comment that is delivered by a character to the audience, but that is beyond the hearing of the other characters who are present.

* Spectral Evidence: the testimony of a church member who claimed to have seen a person's spirit performing witchcraft- was enough to sentence the accused to death.

Crucible: a ceramic or metal container in which metals or other substances may be melted or subjected to very high temperatures.
-a place or occasion of severe test of trail.
-a place or situation in which different elements interact to produce something.

Act 1:
-Salem had been established 40 years ago. The Europeans believed Salem was inhabited by very or over excessive religious people. Nobody was allowed to read a novel. They didn't celebrate Christmas and a holiday meant more concentration on prayer.
-Nobody had much time to "fool" around but they did have "raise the roof" when someone put up a new building. They got together and ate and enjoyed life. They played shovel board a game where you shove a disc across a board by hand.
-People were not allowed to have their own privacy. It brought around suspicions that helped create what is coming up.
-People were to stuck up and snobbish, that failed to convert the Indians. The Puritans believed that since they can't convert the Indians the woods where the Indians lived were considered evil or Devilish. In act 1 Reverend Parris is praying over his daughters bed. The girls of the town were caught dancing in the woods with Tituba. Parris saw them dancing and saw some one naked. Now Parris daughter is in shock and the village thinks it is witchcraft. Abigail drank blood and wished for Proctor's wife to die so she could be with Procter. Reverend Hale comes to tell the town if there are witches in the town.
Act 2
In act 2 John and his wife are talking and their servant comes in and says she has been at the trials of witchcraft. John forbids her to go back but she tells him that his wife has been accused. She gives Elizabeth the doll that she made that day and says that Abigail is the one who has accused Elizabeth. Hale visits and is questioning everyone in the town he asks John to state his commandants but Elizabeth has to give him the last one. The marshal comes and they take Elizabeth away to jail for stabbing Abigail in the stomach with her spirit. Their servant is extremely angry and tells them that this is all a mistake and the girls are faking it. Even the servant Mary says it is fake.
Act 3
Giles shouts out in court. He says that people are trying to steal land and that is why they are blaming others. The court stops its session and they as they are talking to Giles Proctor and Mary come in and Mary tells the court that the girls are all lying and it is all a fake. Parris believes they are trying to overthrow the court. Proctor says he just wants his wife and friends free. They tell him that his wife claims to be pregnant and is going to be pardoned for at least a year. The judge bring in the girls and Abigail denies all claims made by Mary and Proctor. Mary says she only thought she felt spirits but that they were all fake. Abigail says that Mary blew a cold wind and when they feel Abigail she is freezing and they accuse Mary of witchcraft. Proctor calls Abigail a whore and says she only wants Elizabeth dead so she can be with Proctor. The judge tells them to turn their backs and they bring Elizabeth from the jail to be questioned. She lies thinking she is doing the right thing when she is really hurting him. After Elizabeth leaves Abigail sees a bird and thinks it is going to fly down and hurt them. Mary says they are faking but then when everything falls apart Mary accuses Proctor of being the Devil's man. Proctor is arrested and Hale is disguised and says he is quitting the court.
Act 4
Hale returns to Salem to try to persuade the jailers to confess just to save their own life. Parris' has become a wreck because Abigail ran away after he took all of his money. Hale tells the court that all the farm animals are running wild because all of the owners are in jail or dead. Elizabeth agrees to talk to Proctor but she promises nothing about trying to persuade him to confess. They are allowed to talk alone and Elizabeth tells him about Giles and how he was pressed to death for not telling the name of the man he accused. Proctor asks Elizabeth what he should do but she tells him that no matter what he does she will stand next to him but she will not tell him what he is to do. He agrees to confess and has to sign a paper. He asks why and they say it has to be hung on the church door for all to see. He is angered by this but signs anyway. He is then asked who else he saw with the devil but he refuses to give any answers. As they try to take the paper to hang it on the door he takes it up and asks why he has to give up his name when that is the only thing he has left to hang onto. He then tares up the confession and they arrest him on the spot. Elizabeth refuses to persuade him and he ends up being hung.

The Crucinle

Salem Witch Trials

http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/salem/images/pylewitch1.jpg
This is a picture of the arrest of one of the first accused of witchcraft. She was an outcast that some people were afraid of. They wanted to get rid of her and this was a perfect opportunity.



http://www2.iath.virginia.edu/salem/images/hibbins1.jpg
This is a picture of the execution of Ann Hibbins. She was one of the innocent that was hung in the witchcraft trials.

The Salem Witchcraft Trials started in 1692 in Massachusetts when a little girl of the new local preacher would not get better so the family called a doctor to help. Then soon after other girls in the area started getting sick too. The doctor could not do anything to make them better and so he said the family had preformed witchcraft. The trials ended with 19 men and women head via hanging, 1 man stoned to death, and 7 others died in prison. The people that were put to death or sent to trail were not treated fairly. The people that blamed them had no proof. If they were outcasts or the people didn't like them they were accused.


This is an amazing little video of the story of The Salem Witch Trials. It explains the Puritans view and what happened throughout the whole year.

http://school.discoveryeducation.com/schooladventures/salemwitchtrials/story/story.html

Ancestors

This is a picture of my great grandparents Edgar and Marie Smith Moats.



This might have been what some of my Irish immigrants looked like when they came from Ireland.

I come from the Germany, Scotland, England and Ireland. On my mom's side my grandpa is all German(My Great-Great Grandparents Switzer and Reiff) and my grandma is Scottish and English(My Great-Great Grandparents Forsyth and Putnam). My great-great grandparents might be the ones to have come over from Europe and through Ellis Island. On my dad's side my grandpa is German and Irish(Neher) and my grandma is English(Moats). My grandma told me that the Moats family has been hard to trace because the courthouses that would have had the information were burned down in the civil war.

Overview of Stories

I learned that the Indians have never been treated well. They were moved from place and never given any freedom. In A Way To Rainy Mountain the Kiowas were moved many times and were never able to fight.



The Indians always seemed to be willing to help others. In Of Plymouth Plantation the Indians helped the Pilgrims learn to plant corn and grow other crops.



Everybody has different rituals. In The Man to Send Rain Clouds the family wanted Holy water sprinkled on their grandpa so that he would bring rain for the people still alive. The ritual in Of Plymouth Plantation becomes Thanksgiving. We still have that ritual today.



Many Native Americans have myths or religions they believe in. The Laguna people from The Man to Send Rain Clouds believe that the dead will become Shiwanna or Cloud People and bring rain. The Kiowas believe that they entered into the world through a hollow log.



Native Americans have been moved from place to place and have always been told what to do yet they are able to except others. In The Man to Send Rain Clouds the priest wasn't a Indian yet they still wanted to have him help with the burial. In Of Plymouth Plantation the Indians help the Pilgrims survive on the new and much different land.